Physics: Holistic View

There are two kinds of space - A medium called space - Fields shape the space medium - Matter is suspended in ambient space - Matter and motion are inseparable

 

Current physics is based on dynamics, the Newtonian doctrine that were it not for forces between matter, everything would be mired in inertia or flying off in endless directions. Dynamics describes nature as it is seen and measured by the observer. It is ideal for technology, but it is narrow in its scope and limited in its concept. It is derived from the engineering experience that it takes force to make things move. Newton and physicists thereafter have assumed that there must be in nature forces that hold matter in its structures and to its motions. If on the other hand we accept that the universe can exist without us, then the parameters of dynamics are the response of nature resisting our intervention. Mass, momentum, and the energy equations are values measured when we obstruct spontaneous motion or force change on an existing condition.

Dynamics is not a true reflection of an independent universe, but instead, represents the imposition of our values on it. It does not describe the actions of matter and its structures by factors fundamental to nature. Instead, to rationalize its mathematical descriptions, it describes nature by abstractions that have no existence in reality.

Holistic physics is based on the proposition that everything in nature tends to the center of its interactive environment.

There is, however, another physics more basic than dynamics that represents nature in a comprehensive and fundamental way. It is based on the holistic principle that everything is a part of its interactive environment and objects responding to changes in the environment is responsible for the actions we observe.

Space is the environment of objects in it.

The environment of objects in space is space itself. To understand how holism accounts for motion and the structure of matter we have to recognize that the way we perceive things moving relative to each other in space has given us a misconception of the true nature of space.

The image of nature from our perspective can be deceiving. Just as we have had to concede that it is the earth that is moving, it seems likely that we will have to recognize that we have been deceived by our perception of space.

There is a space misconception.

When we see things moving through space we see them moving relative to each other, and all moving relative to an immobile space background. It is this space, the absolute space of Newtonian physics, which gives us our impression of space. Since there is no resistance by this space we make the assumption that space is simply an unreactive void. This impression, however, in some way is mistaken. Experiments with light don't support it.

The Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887 showed that something is fundamentally wrong with Newtonian physics. The direct indication of the experiment is that the velocity of light is always constant. Why it should be constant can be due to either of two suppositions. Each forms a premise from which deduction leads to a particular physics.

(1) Light and the relative motion of matter are unrelated.

(2) Light's velocity is constant because we can't measure its changes.

Einstein took the second supposition and used "relativistic effects" to develop his theory of relativity. If, instead, we take the first supposition, that light and matter have unrelated motions, then they must be moving to different references that define their motions. Light moves and the earth moves, but not relative to each other. They are unrelated motions. The Michelson-Morley experiment then was telling us that the earth does not move relative to light, or rather, to the medium through which light moves as waves. To make any sense out of this there have to be two kinds of space, one real and one our perceptual abstraction. The problem then becomes one of orientation.

1. There are two kinds of space: actual and perceptual.

That there is a medium was proven in 1913 by Georges Sagnac, a French physicist, who modified the Michelson-Morley experiment so that instead of doubling the path of the light beam back upon itself, directed a split beam of light around the edge of a 20-inch turntable. When the table was rotated and the light beam was brought back on itself there now were interference fringes. The edge of the rotating table did indeed move relative to the light waves, or more correctly stated, relative to the medium of the light waves. In 1925 Michelson with Henry Gale adjusted the original experiment so that it was measuring the earth's rotation, and this too showed the Sagnac effect. Since the Sagnac effect was used to develop the optical gyroscopes that are widely employed in navigation, there is no question of its validity.

What we then have is a medium. It is redundant to say the medium is an ether in space. What it really means is that space itself is the medium. Light moves through the medium, but the earth in orbit does not. On the other hand, if something rotates, the circumference moves through the medium out of necessity with the center of the object remaining stationary. There is, therefore, irrefutable evidence that space as a medium does exist.

Space is a non-material medium.

With a medium and the space misconception the interpretation of the Michelson-Morley result points to the fact that light and matter do not move through space alike. Light moves through the space medium at a constant velocity, while matter is stationary in its space environment and moves only relative to other matter.

2. A medium called space.

The motion of light through a space medium fits all rational requirements. It leaves only the question of how it is possible for the earth to be suspended in the space medium, while at the same time having an apparent motion around the sun. This requires a shift away from our perspective of dynamics of discrete bodies moving in space and to bodies in space being a part of their space environment. A change in the environment then is what causes the apparent motion. What appears to be the earth's movement through space is caused by the earth moving to remain centered in a non-uniform space environment.

3. Fields shape the space medium.

From this postulation two types of reverberations are possible. Pulsing or oscillating of the whole particle would reverberate the surrounding medium without any particular orientation. This apparently is the manner in which gravitational fields originate

Electric fields. on the other hand, rise from an enclosing structural motion that cycles upon itself in either of two helical twists. This spiraling motion passes its shape to its reverberations and creates the electric field. Opposed orientations give opposed electric fields.

The interaction of an object's gravitational field with the surrounding space medium has the effect of suspending the object in space. Inertia is the resistance of the object's gravitational field to displacement. This compulsion to remain centered in its space environment causes a body in another stronger gravitational field to move spontaneously into the field to equalize its own field by the Doppler effect.

Reverberations in the space medium appear to weaken the tension of the medium. This slows the passage of waves through the medium and in effect retards the velocity of light. This also has the same effect on the equilibration rate of other fields, and this effect on the equilibration of fields of lesser bodies causes them to move spontaneously to remain centered.

The slowing of light's velocity and the equilibration of fields imparts a non-uniformity to the space medium which accounts for a pattern of motion.

4. Matter is suspended in ambient space.

Material bodies are suspended in the space medium by their gravitational fields. Because other stronger fields retard the equilibration of an object's field this makes the medium environment non-uniform. Lesser bodies in gravitational fields move spontaneously, therefore, to equalize their own fields by the Doppler effect to remain centered in their ambient space. The primary cause of motion of bodies in space is the compulsion for remaining centered. This means the relative motion of object6s that we observe is a secondary effect of a direct interaction with their environment.

5. Motion and structure are inseparable.

In dynamics there is no structure theory. Motion is regarded as a property separate from the structure of matter. It is tied to mass to give momentum and an energy value, and energy is dependent on relative motion. Geometry is static and all forms of order and structure are believed to be the result of dynamic equilibrium. Force applied to an object converts to acceleration which translates to relative motion by the equation F = ma. To translate this to orbital structures physicists have to resort to a balance of forces. This then implies that the structural motions of atoms and gravitational systems are relative motions and need the rest of the universe for definition and stability.

In holism motion doesn't have to be produced. It is the direct consequence of objects adjusting spontaneously to their space environments. There is a three-tier hierarchy of particles, atoms, and gravitational systems in which orbiting components encircle a space environment created by a nuclear body. Motion, therefore, is an integral part of the structure of matter.

In holistic physics there is a direct conversion of force to structure. The geometry is kinematic. Distance, velocity, and time are interrelated by the relation, d = vt. When force is applied to a body in space the displacement span is added to the orbit length by the equation F = ml. Since length and size are independent values, the length of an orbit is absolute. Atoms and gravitational systems, therefore, are self-contained systems.

Geometry of dynamics is static; geometry of holism is kinematic.

This is in contrast to a physics based on relative motion. In Newtonian physics and relativity inertial motion is an indispensable factor. Inertial motion, however, requires an external reference for definition. Without the rest of the universe inertial motion cannot be defined and all gravitational systems would undergo immediate collapse. This is Mach's principle which Newton assumed and Einstein had to rely upon.

In holistic physics there is no inertial motion and all motion in space is potentially orbital. Orbital systems are complete as a size that exists independently of external references.

The physics that is derived from the two-motion premise is wholly causal and complete. It is a physics of matter and space. Space is a medium and there is direct interaction between it and matter by the ;latter's gravitational fields. Objects move spontaneously and without force under a compulsion to center themselves in a space environment made non-uniform by strong gravitational fields. It shows a fully integrated and active universe where motion and structure are inseparable. Inertia, instead of being a natural state, is the resistance to displacement of kinematic systems by an interrupting force.

Life in a Medium

After the discovery of the wave motion of light by Thomas Young in 1903, scientists speculated on the character of a medium that could transmit waves at such an enormous velocity. The earlier wave theorists, including Huygens of a century and a half before, regarded light as longitudinal oscillations along the line of propagation as with sound waves. Young had suggested that light might be transverse waves with oscillations at right angles to the light of propagation as in the case of water waves. The French physicist Augustin Jean Fresnel liked the transverse wave theory and adopted it as a premise.

Fresnel went on to theorize that ordinary light consists of waves oscillating equally in all possible planes at right angles to the line of propagation. The theory received wide acceptance by being able to explain the double refraction of light by Iceland feldspar, a phenomenon that neither the particle theory nor the longitudinal-wave theory could explain. According to the transverse-wave theory light could be refracted through different angles because one ray could consist of waves oscillating in one particular plane, while the other ray could consist of waves oscillating in another plane perpendicular to the first plane.

The transverse-wave theory, however, created a problem for the ether hypothesis. As long as light was regarded as longitudinal waves, the ether could be considered as a very thin gas-like substance undetectable by ordinary instruments. Transverse waves, on the other hand,, are transmitted only through solids. For light waves to be transverse the ether would not only have to be a solid, it would have to be extremely rigid to account for the enormous velocity of its waves. This, of course, was contrary to the fact that the planets move through it without interference.

There are, therefore, two conflicting conditions that are not reconciled by current physics. The double refraction of light by Iceland feldspar indicates that light travels as transverse waves, but this is contradicted by the fact that transverse waves mean that the medium for light must be an extremely rigid solid. There is obviously something wrong with our impression of physical reality. Einstein did not resolve this paradox but simply dismissed the medium as unnecessary and made light self-propagating. This is the position fraught with a host of inconsistencies. It doesn't explain why light should have its particular constant velocity or why its travels as waves. It is important that we accept the experimental evidence for what it is and analyze why our impressions and suppositions are not consistent with it.

The medium for light as transverse waves must be extremely rigid.

If space is a medium more rigid than the strongest steel, how then is it possible for us to live in it? How can matter possibly move, how can we walk about, or even raise an arm?

The resistance of a medium to anything moving through it is determined by the interaction the object has with the medium. If there is no interaction, there is no interference to the medium, and hence no resistance. If we shine a beam of light through air there is no significant interaction between the light and the air, no waves of sound form. Yet the light beam goes through the air. On the other hand, an explosion which forces air outward makes a shock wave that races through the air.

There is, therefore, a distinction that has to be made between traveling in and through a medium. Waves from in a medium by things that interact with the cohesion of the medium. The velocity of wave transmission is determined by the tension strength of the medium. That is the significance of light velocity and it consisting of weaves.

We don't travel through space the way light does. Our interface with the medium is our gravitational field. It consists of a field of reverberations as a disturbance of the surrounding space medium. The strength of the field is proportional to our mass and is the resistance to displacement. When we move, therefore, we don't move against the tension of the medium. We don't form a wave in it. We move against our own gravitational field and its resistance to displacement.

We therefore are able to move through the medium coincidentally with light, despite the fact that it is extremely rigid for light waves while we have no resistance by it to our movement. When we move we skim along the contours of the gravitational fields in the space medium, making no disturbance in the medium, making no waves in it.

Light moves as waves in the medium; matter moves through the same medium without interacting against its cohesion.

For all practical purposes, and as far as we know, the medium must be a stiff, unyielding, non-material solid-like gel. Light is created as a disturbance in it and races through it as waves. We skim through the same medium, changing position in it but, except during forced displacement, being always in the center of our immediate space environment, never moving relative to it.

This is the important distinction between wave motion and the motion of matter. Matter also travels as waves but in a completely different sense than as waves in the medium. When a force is applied to a particle it is given an oscillation and is accelerated in relative motion. After the force, the particle is again immediately centered in its ambient space, but it continues to oscillate. It is the relative motion that makes the wave. And it is the rate of relative motion and the oscillation that makes the electron travel in a de Broglie wave as the electron strikes its target.

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